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Purpose of This Manual Getting Started With Blackfin Processors provides you with information. Read about 'ADI: User Manual of Getting Started With Blackfin Processors' on element14.com. Getting Started with the LabVIEW Embedded Module for Analog Devices Blackfin Processors Version 1.0 Contents Introduction. Getting Started With Blackfin ® Processors Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Manual SodProcessor and Tools Selection Information Getting Started Information Applications Notes, EE-Notes, and Other Articles Communities-Related Information Visual Learning and Development (VLD) - On-Demand Video Tutorials Platform-Related Information Getting Started With Blackfin® Processors Revision 6.0, September 2010 Part Number 82-000850-01 Analog Devices, Inc. One Technology Way Norwood, Mass. 02062-9106 a Copyright Information ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc., ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This document may not be reproduced in any form without prior, express written consent from Analog Devices. Printed in the USA. Disclaimer Analog Devices reserves the right to change this product without prior notice. Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under the patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademark and Service Mark Notice The Analog Devices logo, Blackfin, the Blackfin logo, CROSSCORE, EZ-Extender, EZ-KIT Lite, and VisualDSP++ are registered trademarks of Analog Devices. EZ-Board is a trademark of Analog Devices. All other brand and product names are trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. CONTENTS PREFACE Purpose of This Manual .................................................................. xi Intended Audience ......................................................................... xii Manual Contents ........................................................................... xii What’s New in This Manual ........................................................... xii Technical or Customer Support ..................................................... xiii Product Information ..................................................................... xiii Analog Devices Web Site ......................................................... xiii VisualDSP++ Online Documentation ....................................... xiv EngineerZone ............................................................................ xv Social Networking Web Sites ..................................................... xv INTRODUCTION What are Blackfin Processors? ........................................................ 1-1 Combining RISC MCU and Signal Processor Functionality ...... 1-2 Approaches to Application Development ............................. 1-4 Dual-Core Processors Add Flexibility ................................... 1-6 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors iii Contents The Blackfin Family of Processors ............................................ 1-7 Blackfin Processors (Currently Available) ............................. 1-7 Future Blackfin Processor Releases .................................... 1-27 Blackfin Processor Features ......................................................... 1-27 Performance .......................................................................... 1-28 Benchmarks Against Other Processors ......................................... 1-30 Dhrystone ............................................................................ 1-30 Whetstone ............................................................................ 1-31 nbench ................................................................................. 1-32 EEMBC ................................................................................ 1-33 Analog Devices Benchmarks .................................................. 1-35 Links to Comparative Benchmarks .................................... 1-36 Blackfin Processor Compiler and Code Density ................. 1-36 THE EVALUATION PROCESS Selecting Software Development Tools .......................................... 2-1 VisualDSP++ From Analog Devices ......................................... 2-3 Platform and Processor Support .......................................... 2-3 Develop High-Performance Applications Quickly ............ 2-3 Leverage-Proven Application Infrastructure ..................... 2-5 Debug and Tune Your Application With Ease .................. 2-6 Integrate Into Your Existing Environment ....................... 2-8 Get Help and Stay Up to Date ............................................ 2-9 Use Third Parties .......................................................... 2-10 Install VisualDSP++ ...................................................... 2-10 iv Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Contents Analog Devices Tools ........................................................ 2-10 Embedded Processors and DSPs ........................................ 2-10 Code Examples ...................................................................... 2-11 Device Drivers and System Services ........................................ 2-11 Open Source Software for Blackfin Processor .......................... 2-12 GNU Toolchain ................................................................ 2-12 Linux and µClinux ............................................................ 2-13 Linux and GNU Toolchain Help: The Blackfin Koop ........ 2-14 Eclipse IDE ...................................................................... 2-14 µClinux Distribution ........................................................ 2-15 Blackfin µClinux ................................................................... 2-15 Analog Devices Processors Supported for µClinux .............. 2-16 Latest Versions of Linux and Corresponding URLs ......... 2-16 µClinux Footprint ......................................................... 2-16 Recommended Flash Size .............................................. 2-16 Supported Debugging Tools .......................................... 2-17 Real-Time and General-Purpose Kernels ........................ 2-17 Linux Software Projects ................................................. 2-17 Board Support Packages .................................................... 2-19 Daughter Cards ................................................................ 2-20 Linux Hardware Projects ............................................... 2-20 Summary: Software Development Tools ................................. 2-22 Examples Included With VisualDSP++ .................................. 2-22 Software Modules .................................................................. 2-23 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors v Contents Selecting Hardware Development Tools ...................................... 2-23 EZ-KIT Lite and EZ-Board Evaluation Systems ..................... 2-23 ADSP-BF592 EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices .............. 2-26 ADSP-BF506F EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices ............ 2-28 ADSP-BF518F EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices ............ 2-30 ADSP-BF526 EZ-Board From Analog Devices .................. 2-33 ADSP-BF527 EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices .............. 2-36 ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices .............. 2-38 ADSP-BF538F EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices ............ 2-40 ADSP-BF537 EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices .............. 2-43 ADSP-BF561 EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices .............. 2-45 ADSP-BF533 EZ-KIT Lite From Analog Devices .............. 2-47 EZ-KIT Lite Expansion Boards ............................................. 2-50 Blackfin EZ-Extender ....................................................... 2-50 Blackfin USB-LAN EZ-Extender Board ............................ 2-52 Blackfin FPGA EZ-Extender Daughter Board .................... 2-54 Blackfin Landscape LCD EZ-Extender Daughter Board ..... 2-57 Blackfin Audio EZ-Extender Daughter Board .................... 2-60 Blackfin A-V EZ-Extender Board ...................................... 2-62 Blackfin Bluetooth EZ-Extender Daughter Board .............. 2-64 ADSP-BF537 STAMP Board Support Package (BSP) ........ 2-66 Blackfin/SHARC USB EZ-Extender ................................. 2-68 Standalone Debug Agent Board ........................................ 2-70 vi Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Contents JTAG Emulators .................................................................... 2-71 High-Performance USB 2.0 JTAG Emulator ...................... 2-72 USB-Based JTAG Emulator ............................................... 2-75 Analog Devices Blackfin Emulator ..................................... 2-77 Third-Party Boards ................................................................ 2-80 PHYTEC phyCORE-BF537 SBC ..................................... 2-80 Selecting the Right Combination of Tools .................................... 2-84 Scenario 1 ............................................................................. 2-84 Scenario 2 ............................................................................. 2-85 SUPPORT OPTIONS Available Support .......................................................................... 3-1 Analog Devices Web Site ......................................................... 3-2 Processor and Tools Selection Information ........................... 3-3 Getting Started Information ................................................ 3-3 Applications Notes, EE-Notes, and Other Articles ............... 3-3 Communities-Related Information ...................................... 3-4 Visual Learning and Development (VLD) - On-Demand Video Tutorials ................................................................ 3-4 Platform-Related Information ............................................. 3-5 Workshops and Seminars ......................................................... 3-5 Blackfin Processor Workshops ............................................. 3-6 Blackfin Processor Seminars ................................................ 3-6 TechOnLine Seminars ......................................................... 3-7 µClinux on the Blackfin Processor 3-Day Workshop ............ 3-7 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors vii Contents Processor Documentation ........................................................ 3-7 Blackfin Processor Manuals ................................................. 3-7 Hardware Reference Manuals .......................................... 3-8 Blackfin Processor Programming Reference ...................... 3-8 Open Source Software on the Blackfin Processor Manual ..... 3-9 Data Sheets ........................................................................ 3-9 Anomalies Lists for Processors and Tools ........................... 3-10 BSDL Files ....................................................................... 3-10 IBIS Models ..................................................................... 3-10 CROSSCORE Tools Documentation .................................... 3-11 VisualDSP++ Documentation ........................................... 3-11 VisualDSP++ Installation Quick Reference Card ........... 3-11 VisualDSP++ Product Release Bulletin .......................... 3-12 VisualDSP++ User’s Guide ............................................ 3-12 VisualDSP++ Licensing Guide ...................................... 3-12 VisualDSP++ Getting Started Guide ............................. 3-13 VisualDSP++ Assembler and Preprocessor Manual ......... 3-13 VisualDSP++ C/C++ Compiler and Library Manual for Blackfin Processors ............................................... 3-13 VisualDSP++ Linker and Utilities Manual ..................... 3-14 VisualDSP++ Loader and Utilities Manual .................... 3-14 VisualDSP++ Device Driver and System Services Libraries Manual for Blackfin Processors ................................... 3-15 VisualDSP++ Kernel (VDK) User’s Guide ..................... 3-15 viii Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Contents Hardware Tools Documentation ........................................ 3-16 Getting Started With the ADSP-BF537 EZ-KIT Lite Manual ...................................................................... 3-16 Getting Started With the ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Manual ...................................................................... 3-17 ADSP-BF506F EZ-Board Evaluation System Manual ..... 3-17 ADSP-BF518F EZ-Board Evaluation System Manual ..... 3-17 ADSP-BF526 EZ-Board Evaluation System Manual ....... 3-18 ADSP-BF527 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-18 ADSP-BF533 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-18 ADSP-BF537 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-19 ADSP-BF538F EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-19 ADSP-BF548 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-19 ADSP-BF561 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-20 ADSP-BF592 EZ-KIT Lite Evaluation System Manual ...................................................................... 3-20 EZ-Extender Manuals ................................................... 3-20 VisualDSP++ Help ............................................................ 3-22 Find a Third Party—Faster Time To Market ........................... 3-23 MyAnalog.com ...................................................................... 3-23 INDEX Getting Started With Blackfin Processors ix Contents x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors PREFACE Thank you for your interest in the Blackfin® family of processors by Analog Devices, Inc. Purpose of This Manual Getting Started With Blackfin Processors provides you with information about the design and evaluation process, Analog Devices tools, training, documentation, and other informational resources. This manual provides an overview of a variety of documentation available in online form as well as a guide for evaluating Blackfin processors. This manual also describes the resources available to help you move your evaluation/design along quickly. For engineers already using Blackfin processors in their designs, this guide provides resources and pointers to help transition your system to take advantage of the newest series of processors. For detailed descriptions of a processor’s internal architectures, refer to the applicable processor’s hardware reference manual. For detailed descriptions of processor software, refer to the Blackfin Processor Programming Reference. For a complete list of documents that support Blackfin processors, refer to “Support Options” on page 3-1. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors xi Intended Audience Intended Audience The primary audience for this guide is comprised of system designers, programmers, and hardware engineers who want to learn whether a specific Blackfin processor matches their design requirements for new applications. Manual Contents This manual consists of: • Chapter 1, “Introduction” This chapter briefly describes the processor architecture, available models, and processor features. • Chapter 2, “The Evaluation Process” This chapter focuses on available software and hardware tools. • Chapter 3, “Support Options” This chapter describes support (documentation, training, and more) available during the evaluation and development processes. What’s New in This Manual Revision 6.0 of Getting Started With Blackfin Processors provides information about a new Blackfin processor and EZ-KIT Lite® package. xii Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Preface Technical or Customer Support You can reach Analog Devices, Inc. Customer Support in the following ways: • Visit the Embedded Processing and DSP products Web site at: http://www.analog.com/processors/technical_support • E-mail tools questions to: [email protected] • E-mail processor questions to: [email protected] (World wide support) [email protected] (Europe support) [email protected] (China support) • Phone questions to 1-800-ANALOGD • Contact your Analog Devices, Inc. local sales office or authorized distributor Product Information Product information can be obtained from the Analog Devices Web site and the VisualDSP++® online Help system. Analog Devices Web Site The Analog Devices Web site, www.analog.com, provides information about a broad range of products—analog integrated circuits, amplifiers, converters, and digital signal processors. To access a complete technical library for each processor series, go to http://www.analog.com/processors/technical_library. The manuals selection opens a list of current manuals related to the product as well as a Getting Started With Blackfin Processors xiii Product Information link to the previous revisions of the manuals. When locating your manual title, note a possible errata check mark next to the title that leads to the current correction report against the manual. Also note, MyAnalog.com is a free feature of the Analog Devices Web site that allows customization of a Web page to display only the latest information about products you are interested in. You can choose to receive weekly e-mail notifications containing updates to the Web pages that meet your interests, including documentation errata against all manuals. MyAnalog.com provides access to books, application notes, data sheets, code examples, and more. Visit MyAnalog.com to sign up. If you are a registered user, just log on. Your user name is your e-mail address. VisualDSP++ Online Documentation Online documentation comprises the VisualDSP++ Help system, software tools manuals, hardware tools manuals, processor manuals, Dinkum Abridged C++ library, and FLEXnet License Tools software documentation. You can search easily across the entire VisualDSP++ documentation set for any topic of interest. For easy printing, supplementary Portable Documentation Format (.pdf) files for all manuals are provided on the VisualDSP++ installation CD. xiv Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Preface Each documentation file type is described as follows. File .chm .htm or .html Description Help system files and manuals in Microsoft help format Dinkum Abridged C++ library and FLEXnet License Tools software documentation. Viewing and printing the .html files requires a browser, such as Internet Explorer 6.0 (or higher). VisualDSP++ and processor manuals in PDF format. Viewing and printing the .pdf files requires a PDF reader, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader (4.0 or higher). .pdf EngineerZone EngineerZone is a technical support forum from Analog Devices. It allows you direct access to ADI technical support engineers. You can search FAQs and technical information to get quick answers to your embedded processing and DSP design questions. Use EngineerZone to connect with other DSP developers who face similar design challenges. You can also use this open forum to share knowledge and collaborate with the ADI support team and your peers. Visit http://ez.analog.com to sign up. Social Networking Web Sites You can now follow Analog Devices processor development on Twitter and LinkedIn. To access: • Twitter: http://twitter.com/blackfin • LinkedIn: Network with the LinkedIn group Analog Devices Blackfin: http://www.linkedin.com Getting Started With Blackfin Processors xv Product Information xvi Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter briefly describes the Blackfin processor’s architecture and key features and compares available models. Topics include: • “What are Blackfin Processors?” on page 1-1 • “Blackfin Processor Features” on page 1-27 • “Benchmarks Against Other Processors” on page 1-30 What are Blackfin Processors? Blackfin processors from Analog Devices embody a new breed of 16/32-bit embedded processor. They have the industry’s highest performance and power efficiency for applications where a convergence of capabilities—multi-format audio, video, voice and image processing; multi-mode baseband and packet processing; and real-time security and control processing—are critical. Blackfin processors deliver breakthrough signal processing performance and power efficiency with a RISC programming model. Blackfin processors present high-performance, homogeneous software targets, which allow flexible resource allocation between hard real-time processor tasks and non real-time control tasks. System control tasks can often run in the shadow of processor and video tasks. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-1 What are Blackfin Processors? Blackfin processors combine a 32-bit RISC instruction set, dual 16-bit multiply/accumulate (MAC) digital signal processing functionality, and 8-bit video processing performance that had previously been the exclusive domain of very long instruction word (VLIW) media processors. Blackfin processors include advanced memory management that supports memory-protected and non memory-protected embedded operating systems such as µClinux™, ThreadX® (Express Logic), INTEGRITY®, velOSity™, Nucleus® (Mentor Graphics), Fusion™ (Unicoi Systems), RTXC Quadros™ (Quadros Systems), and µC/OS-II (Micrium). Combining RISC MCU and Signal Processor Functionality Blackfin processors provide microcontroller (MCU) and signal processing functionality in a unified architecture, allowing flexible partitioning between the needs of control and signal processing. If the application demands, the Blackfin processor can act as 100% MCU (with code density on par with industry standards), 100% signal processor (with clock rates at the leading edge of signal processor technology), or a combination of the two. The Blackfin family of processors from Analog Devices integrates a 32-bit RISC instruction set with an 8-bit video instruction set with dual 16-bit MAC units. The processor’s variable-length instruction set extends up to 64-bit opcodes used in processor inner loops (one single instruction, multiple data [SIMD] and two load/store/cycle), but is optimized so that 16-bit opcodes represent the most frequently used instructions. As a result, compiled code density figures are competitive with industry-leading MCUs, yet its interlocked pipeline and algebraic instruction syntax facilitate development in both C/C++ and assembly. Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of a single-core ADSP-BF549 Blackfin 16/32-bit processor. 1-2 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction VOLTAGE REGULATOR JTAG TEST AND EMULATION RTC WATCHDOG TIMER OTP CCLK DOMAIN B L2 SRAM L1 INSTR ROM L1 INSTR SRAM L1 DATA SRAM 64 1 1 EAB 32 0 2 0 DEB 32 16 16 32 32 DEB1 DCB1 DCB0 DEB0 PAB 16 INTERRUPTS HOSTDP UART (0-1) UART (2-3) SPI (0-1) SPI (2) PORTS DMAC1 (32-BIT) DAB1 DMAC0 (16-BIT) DAB0 16 32 DCB 32 SPORT (2-3) SPORT (0-1) SD / SDIO ATAPI EPPI (0-2) EXTERNAL PORT NOR, DDR1 CONTROL DDR1 16 ASYNC 16 NAND FLASH CONTROLLER BOOT ROM PIXEL COMPOSITOR CAN (0-1) TWI (0-1) SCLK DOMAIN (ALL OUTSIDE CCLK) TIMERS (0-10) COUNTER KEYPAD 2 16 32 DCB2 DEB2 DCB3 USB MXVR 3 32 Figure 1-1. Single-Core ADSP-BF549 Blackfin 16/32-Bit Processor Blackfin processors support both protected and unprotected operating modes that prevent users from accessing or affecting shared parts of the system. In addition, the processors provide memory management Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-3 PORTS What are Blackfin Processors? capabilities that enable users to define separate application development spaces. This design feature prevents distinct code sections from being overwritten. At the same time, the Blackfin processor’s architecture allows asynchronous interrupts and synchronous exceptions, as well as programmable interrupt priorities. Thus, Blackfin processors are well suited as targets for embedded operating systems. Approaches to Application Development Blackfin processors have a peripheral set that supports high-speed serial and parallel data movement. In addition, Blackfin processors include an advanced power management feature set that allows system architects to craft designs with low dynamic power profiles. In today’s design model, MCU (microcomputer unit) and traditional processor programmers often partition their code development into two separate groups, interacting only at the system boundary level where their two functional worlds meet. This makes some sense, as two separate groups of designers can develop their own sets of design practices based on application requirements. For instance, signal processing developers may want to implement techniques to improve performance. Another group may have opposing design goals; MCU programmers, for example, may prefer implementing a turnkey system and letting it perform all tasks without user intervention. With this in mind, Blackfin processors were designed to support both DMA and cache memory controllers to move data through a system. Multiple high-speed DMA channels shuttle data between peripherals and memory systems, allowing the fine-tuning controls sought by processor programmers without using up valuable core processor cycles. Conversely, on-chip configurable instruction and data caches allow a hands-off approach to managing code and data in a manner very familiar to MCU programmers. Often, at the system integration level, a combination of both approaches is ideal. 1-4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Another reason for the historical separation of MCU and processor development groups is that the two processors have two separate sets of design imperatives. From a technical standpoint, engineers responsible for architecting a system often hesitate to mix a “control” application with a “signal processing” application on the same processor. Their most common fear is that non real-time tasks interfere with real-time tasks. For instance, programmers who handle tasks such as the graphical user interface (GUI) or the networking stack should not have to worry about hampering the system’s “real-time” signal processing activities. Of course, the definition of real time varies based on the specific application. In an embedded application, the focus is on the time required to service an interrupt. For this purpose, assume there is a time frame of less than 1 microsecond between an interrupt and the time that the system context is saved at the start of the service routine. With the introduction of the Blackfin processors, a C/C++-centric unified code base can be realized. This enables developers to leverage enormous amounts of existing application code developed from previous efforts. Because Blackfin processors are optimized for both control and signal processing operations, compilers can generate code that is both tight (from a code density standpoint) and efficient (for computationally-intensive signal processing applications). Of course for veteran programmers, targeted assembly coding is still an option for optimizing critical processing loops. Operating system (OS) support is also key. Several layers of tasking can be realized by supporting an operating system or real-time kernel. An interrupt controller that supports multiple priority levels is needed to ensure that targeted performance is still achievable. Context switching must be attainable through hardware-based stack and frame pointer support. This enables developers to create systems that include both worlds—control and real-time signal processing—on the same device. In addition, the Blackfin processor’s memory protection facility permits OS support for memory protection. This allows one task, via a paging mechanism, to block memory or instruction accesses by another task. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-5 What are Blackfin Processors? An exception is generated whenever unauthorized access is made to a protected area of memory. The kernel services this exception and takes appropriate action. The high processing speeds achieved by Blackfin processors translate into several tangible benefits. The first is time to market. There can be considerable savings in reducing or bypassing the code optimization effort when there is plenty of processing capacity to spare. A second benefit is reduced software maintenance, which can otherwise dominate a product’s life cycle cost. Finally, for scalable Blackfin architectures, designers can base their work around the most capable member of the Blackfin processor family, and can use a cost-optimized processor. Dual-Core Processors Add Flexibility Blackfin processors are also available as dual-core devices. The traditional use of a dual-core processor employs discrete and often different tasks that run on each of the cores. For example, one core might perform all of the control-related tasks, such as graphics and overlay functionality, networking, interfacing to bulk storage, and overall flow control. This core is also where the operating system or kernel most likely resides. Meanwhile, the second core is dedicated to the application’s high intensity processing functions. For example, compressed data packets might be transferred over a network interface to the first core for preprocessing, and then passed to the second core for audio and video decoding. Figure 1-2 shows a block diagram of a typical dual-core processor. The use of a dual-core processor is preferred for designs built by separate software development teams. The ability to segment these types of functions allows a parallel design process, eliminating critical path dependencies in the project. This programming model also aids the testing and validation phases of the project. For example, a code change on one core does not necessarily invalidate the testing efforts already completed on the other core. 1-6 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction VOLTAGE REGULATOR IRQ CONTROL/ WATCHDOG TIMER JTAG TEST EMULATION IRQ CONTROL/ WATCHDOG TIMER B L1 INSTRUCTION MEMORY L1 DATA MEMORY B L1 INSTRUCTION MEMORY L1 DATA MEMORY L2 SRAM 128K BYTES UART IrDA SPI SPORT0 CORE SYSTEM/BUS INTERFACE IMDMA CONTROLLER SPORT1 EAB DMA CONTROLLER1 32 DEB BOOT ROM 32 DAB EXTERNAL PORT FLASH/SDRAM CONTROL PPI0 PPI1 PAB DMA CONTROLLER2 DAB 16 16 GPIO TIMERS Figure 1-2. Functional Block Diagram The Blackfin Family of Processors New high-performance Blackfin processors are available now, while plans for additional Blackfin processors are designed to offer feature-packed, future-ready architectures for media-rich applications. Blackfin Processors (Currently Available) The ADSP-BF535 was the first released Blackfin processor, followed in March 2003 by three pin-compatible devices, the ADSP-BF531, ADSP-BF532, and ADSP-BF533 Blackfin processors. These three devices offer a range of memory and speed options, providing maximum scalability and design flexibility with standard serial interfaces such as SPI, UART, and a flexible programmable serial ports (SPORTs). The devices also offer 16-bit parallel peripheral interfaces (PPI) to connect gluelessly to high-speed converters and imaging components. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-7 What are Blackfin Processors? In January of 2005, Analog Devices introduced three Blackfin processors with embedded connectivity: the ADSP-BF536, ADSP-BF537, and ADSP-BF534. These three devices are also pin-compatible with each other and include a controller area network (CAN) and a two-wire interface (TWI), and on some models, a 10/100 ethernet MAC. In May of 2006, Analog Devices introduced the ADSP-BF538 Blackfin processors, which added the complement of on-board flash memory and also more instances of the communications peripherals for enhanced connectivity. In November of 2006, Analog Devices introduced five new Blackfin processors: ADSP-BF542, ADSP-BF544, ADSP-BF547, ADSP-BF548, and ADSP-BF549. These ADSP-BF54x processors focus on higher system performance for convergent applications through increased (2x) I/O bandwidth, increased on-chip memory, and a rich peripherals set including high-speed USB, ATAPI, NAND flash, DDR1, and LockBox™ secure technology. The PPI was also enhanced to support more high-speed parallel devices; up to three PPIs are available on some models. In March of 2007, Analog Devices introduced ADSP-BF52x Blackfin processors, which focus on the next generation of mobile devices. The ADSP-BF52x series is pin-compatible and is comprised of the ADSP-BF522, ADSP-BF523, ADSP-BF524, ADSP-BF525, ADSP-BF526, and ADSP-BF527 processors. This series concentrates on connectivity, including combinations of high-speed USB, 10/100 ethernet, NAND flash controller, an audio codec, and so on. The ADSP-BF52x processors offer lower dynamic and static power consumption over previous Blackfin processors. In November of 2008, Analog Devices introduced the ADSP-BF51x processors. The ADSP-BF512, ADSP-BF514, ADSP-BF516, and ADSP-BF518 processors extend the Blackfin family further into the industrial and instrumentation market with the availability of an on-chip eMAC which supports 1588 version 2, a 3-phase PWM generation unit, and a quadrature encoder. 1-8 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction In January of 2010, Analog Devices unveiled the latest entries in its Blackfin family of processors: the Blackfin ADSP-BF50x Blackfin series. Delivering up to 100% greater performance than competing processors in its price class, single-core ADSP-BF50x series processors enable designers to achieve significant gains in signal conversion and computational precision, and apply advanced power control techniques to yield greater energy efficiency for industrial applications. In September of 2010, Analog Devices introduced the ADSP-BF592 processor, the lowest priced member of its successful portfolio of Blackfin processors. With 800 MMACs/400 MHz of performance for just $3 (in 10K quantities), the ADSP-BF592 makes high performance DSP now practical for many more applications in the industrial, medical, video, audio, and general-purpose markets. In addition, the ADSP-BF592 low power requirements and the small size (9 mm x 9 mm) enable designers to include high-performance signal processing in power-constrained and small form-factor applications. All Blackfin processors mentioned above are single-core processors. Analog Devices also developed a dual-core symmetric multiprocessor, the ADSP-BF561 Blackfin processor. This processor uses a dual-core processor and increases performance without switching processor architectures. In fact, by running both processor cores at lower frequencies and lower voltages, power consumption is lowered. The advantages of this technique are described in “Dual-Core Processors Add Flexibility” on page 1-6. In addition, the ADSP-BF561 processor offers a second PPI, making video in/out possible simultaneously. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-9 What are Blackfin Processors? Each Blackfin processor provides unique capabilities, while being pin-compatible with other Blackfin devices. Table 1-1 lists key Blackfin processor specifications. processors noted as “RoHS Compliant” are also lead free. i All Also, unless they differ from processor to processor, the key peripherals are listed in the row designating the Blackfin series in bold typeface (such as ADSP-BF522). The list of supported Blackfin processors is subject to change. For a complete and up-to-date listing of Blackfin processors, refer to: http://www.analog.com/blackfin Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF592 Peripherals: 1 UART, 2 SPORT, 2SPI, TWI PPI/LCD, ROM Libraries ADSP-BF592KCPZ 64-Lead LFCSP 400 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF592BCPZ 64-Lead LFCSP 400 x ADSP-BF50x Peripherals: SPI, PPI, SPORT, UART, PWM, ADC Control Module ADSP-BF504BCPZ-3F 88-Lead LFCSP 300 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x 4MB parallel flash ADSP-BF504BCPZ-4 88-Lead LFCSP 400 x 1-10 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 400 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF504BCPZ-4F 88-Lead LFCSP -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x 4MB parallel flash ADSP-BF504KCPZ-3F 88-Lead LFCSP 300 x 4MB parallel flash ADSP-BF504KCPZ-4 88-Lead LFCSP 400 x ADSP-BF504KCPZ-4F 88-Lead LFCSP 400 x 4MB parallel flash ADSP-BF506BSWZ-3F 88-Lead LFCSP 300 x 4MB parallel flash, 12 bit ADC 4MB parallel flash, 12 bit ADC 4MB parallel flash, 12 bit ADC 4MB parallel flash, 12 bit ADC ADSP-BF506BSWZ-4F 88-Lead LFCSP 400 x ADSP-BF506KSWZ-3F 88-Lead LFCSP 300 x ADSP-BF506KSWZ-4F 88-Lead LFCSP 400 x ADSP-BF51x Peripherals: SPORT, SPI, PPI, TWI UART ADSP-BF512BSWZ-3 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_P 176-Lead LQFP_EP 300 –40°C to +85° –40°C to +85° –40°C to +8°C x ADSP-BF512BSWZ-4 400 x ADSP-BF512BSWZ-4F4 400 x SPI Flash Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-11 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 300 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF512KBCZ-3 168-Ball CSP_BGA 168-Ball CSP_BGA 168-Ball CSP_BGA 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_P 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_EP 168-Ball CSP_BGA 168-Ball CSP_BGA 168-Ball CSP_BGA 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C –40°C to +85° –40°C to +8°C –40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF512KBCZ-4 400 x ADSP-BF512KBCZ-4F 400 x SPI Flash ADSP-BF512KSWZ-3 300 x ADSP-BF512KSWZ-4 400 x ADSP-BF512KSWZ-4F4 400 x SPI Flash ADSP-BF514BSWZ-3 300 x SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SPI Flash SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI Flash ADSP-BF514BSWZ-4 400 x ADSP-BF514BSWZ-4F4 400 x ADSP-BF514KBCZ-3 300 x ADSP-BF514KBCZ-4 400 x ADSP-BF514KBCZ-4F4 400 x 1-12 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 300 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF514KSWZ-3 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_EP 176-Lead LQFP_EP 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C –40°C to +8°C x SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC SPI Flash 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI Flash 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI Flash ADSP-BF514KSWZ-4 400 x ADSP-BF514KSWZ-4F4 400 x ADSP-BF516BSWZ-3 300 x ADSP-BF516BSWZ-4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 –40°C to +85° x ADSP-BF516BSWZ-4F4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 –40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF516KBCZ-3 168-Ball CSP_BGA 300 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF516KBCZ-4 168-Ball CSP_BGA 400 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF516KBCZ-4F4 168-Ball CSP_BGA 400 0°C to +70°C x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-13 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 300 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF516KSWZ-3 176-Lead LQFP_EP 0°C to +70°C x 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI Flash 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI flash 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC ADSP-BF516KSWZ-4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF516KSWZ-4F4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF518BSWZ-3 176-Lead LQFP_EP 300 –40°C to +85° x ADSP-BF518BSWZ-4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 –40°C to +85° x ADSP-BF518BSWZ-4F4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 –40°C to +8°C x ADSP-BF518KBCZ-3 168-Ball CSP_BGA 300 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF518KBCZ-4 168-Ball CSP_BGA 400 0°C to +70°C x 1-14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 400 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF518KBCZ-4F4 168-Ball CSP_BGA 0°C to +70°C x 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI flash 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC 10/100 Ethernet with 1588, SDIO, CE-ATA, eMMC, SPI flash ADSP-BF518KSWZ-3 176-Lead LQFP_EP 300 –40°C to +85° x ADSP-BF518KSWZ-4 176-Lead LQFP_EP 400 –40°C to +85° x ADSP-BF518KSWZ-4F4 176-Lead LQFP_ED 400 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF522 Peripherals: PPI, SPI, SPORTs, NAND Interface, TWI, Host DMA, UART, Lockbox ADSP-BF522BBCZ-3A 208-CSP_BGA 300 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF522BBCZ-4A 208-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF522KBCZ-3 289-CSP_BGA 300 x ADSP-BF522KBCZ-3C2 289-CSP_BGA 300 x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-15 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 400 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF522KBCZ-4 289-CSP_BGA 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF522KBCZ-4C2 289-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF523 Peripherals: PPI, SPI, SPORTs, NAND Interface, TWI, Host DMA, UART, Lockbox ADSP-BF523BBCZ-5A 208-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF523KBCZ-5 289-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF523KBCZ-5C2 289-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF523KBCZ-6 289-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF523KBCZ-6A 208-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF523KBCZ-6C2 289-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF524 Peripherals: PPI, SPI, SPORTs, NAND Interface, TWI, Host DMA, UART, Lockbox, HS USB OTG ADSP-BF524BBCZ-3A 208-CSP_BGA 300 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF524BBCZ-4A 208-CSP_BGA 400 x 1-16 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 300 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF524KBCZ-3 289-CSP_BGA 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF524KBCZ-3C2 289-CSP_BGA 300 x ADSP-BF524KBCZ-4 289-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF524KBCZ-4C2 289-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF525 Peripherals: PPI, SPI, SPORTs, NAND Interface, TWI, Host DMA, UART, Lockbox, HS USB OTG ADSP-BF525BBCZ-5A 208-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF525KBCZ-5 289-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF525KBCZ-5C2 289-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF525KBCZ-6 289-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF525KBCZ-6A 208-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF525KBCZ-6C2 289-CSP_BGA 600 x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-17 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF526 Peripherals: PPI, SPI, SPORTs, 10/100 Ethernet, TWI, Host DMA, NAND Interface, UART, Lockbox, HS USB OTG ADSP-BF526BBCZ-3A 208-CSP_BGA 300 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF526BBCZ-4A 208-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF526KBCZ-3 289-CSP_BGA 300 x ADSP-BF526KBCZ-3C2 289-CSP_BGA 300 x ADSP-BF526KBCZ-4 289-CSP_BGA 300 x ADSP-BF526KBCZ-4C2 289-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF527 Peripherals: PPI, SPI, SPORTs, 10/100 Ethernet, TWI, Host DMA, NAND Interface, UART, Lockbox, HS USB OTG ADSP-BF527BBCZ-5A 208-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF527KBCZ-5 289-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF527KBCZ-5C2 289-CSP_BGA 533 x 1-18 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 600 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF527KBCZ-6 289-CSP_BGA 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF527KBCZ-6A 208-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF527KBCZ-6C2 289-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF531 Peripherals: PPI, UART, SPI, 2 SPORTs, 3 timers, 16 GPIOs ADSP-BF531SBB400 169-PBGA 400 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF531SBBC400 160-CSP_BGA 400 ADSP-BF531SBBCZ400 160-CSP_BGA 400 ADSP-BF531SBBZ400 169-PBGA 400 x ADSP-BF531SBSTZ400 176-LQFP 400 x ADSP-BF532 Peripherals: PPI, UART, SPI, 2 SPORTs, 3 timers, 16 GPIOs ADSP-BF532SBB400 169-PBGA 400 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C ADSP-BF532SBBC400 160-CSP_BGA 400 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-19 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 400 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF532SBBCZ400 160-CSP_BGA -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF532SBBZ400 169-PBGA 400 x ADSP-BF532SBSTZ400 176-LQFP 400 x ADSP-BF533 Peripherals: PPI, UART, SPI, 2 SPORTs, 3 timers, 16 GPIOs ADSP-BF533SBB500 160-CSP_BGA 500 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF533SBBC-5V 160-CSP_BGA 533 ADSP-BF533SBBC400 160-CSP_BGA 400 ADSP-BF533SBBC500 160-CSP_BGA 500 ADSP-BF533SBBCZ-5V 160-CSP_BGA 533 ADSP-BF533SBBCZ400 160-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF533SBBCZ500 160-CSP_BGA 500 x ADSP-BF533SBBZ400 169-PBGA 400 x 1-20 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 500 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF533SBBZ500 169-PBGA -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF533SBSTZ400 176-PBGA 400 x ADSP-BF533SKBC-6V 160-CSP_BGA 600 ADSP-BF533SKBCZ-6V 160-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF534 Peripherals: CAN, PPI/SPI, TWI, 8 timers, 48 GPIOs, 2 SPORTs/UARTs ADSP-BF534BBC-4A 182-CSP_BGA 400 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +105°C x x ADSP-BF534BBCZ-4A 182-CSP_BGA 400 ADSP-BF534BBCZ-4B 208-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF534BBC-5A 182-CSP_BGA 500 ADSP-BF534BBCZ-5A 182-CSP_BGA 500 ADSP-BF534BBCZ-5B 208-CSP_BGA 500 x ADSP-BF534YBCZ-4B 208-CSP_BGA 400 x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-21 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF535 Peripherals: 2 SPIs, 2 SPORTs, USB device, PCI ADSP-BF535PBB-200 260-PBGA 200 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x x ADSP-BF535PBB-300 260-PBGA 300 ADSP-BF535PBBZ-200 260-PBGA 200 ADSP-BF535PKB-300 260-PBGA 300 ADSP-BF535PKB-350 260-PBGA 350 ADSP-BF535PKBZ-300 260-PBGA 300 ADSP-BF535PKBZ-350 260-PBGA 350 x ADSP-BF536 Peripherals: 10/100 Ethernet, CAN, PPI, TWI, 8 timers, 48 GPIOs, 2 SPORTs/UARTs, SPI ADSP-BF536BBC-3A 182-CSP_BGA 300 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF536BBC-4A 182-CSP_BGA 400 ADSP-BF536BBCZ-3A 182-CSP_BGA 300 1-22 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 300 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF536BBCZ-3B 208-CSP_BGA -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF536BBCZ-4A 182-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF536BBCZ-4B 208-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF537 Peripherals: 10/100 Ethernet, CAN, PPI, TWI, 8 timers, 48 GPIOs, 2 SPORTs/UARTs, SPI ADSP-BF537BBC-5A 182-CSP_BGA 500 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -0°C to +70°C -0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF537BBCZ-5A 182-CSP_BGA 500 ADSP-BF537BBCZ-5AV 182-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF537BBCZ-5B 208-CSP_BGA 500 x ADSP-BF537BBCZ-5BV 208-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF537KBCZ-6AV 182-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF537KBCZ-6BV 208-CSP_BGA 600 x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-23 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF538 Peripherals: CAN 2.0B, 54 GPIOs, 4 SPORTs, 3 UARTs, 3 SPIs, 2 TWIs, PPI, flash ADSP-BF538BBCZ-4A 316-CSP_BGA 400 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF538BBCZ-4F8 316-CSP_BGA 400 x ADSP-BF538BBCZ-5A 316-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF538BBCZ-5F8 316-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF539 Peripherals: MXVR, CAN, 54 GPIOs, 4 SPORTs, 3 UARTs, 3 SPIs, 2 TWIs, PPI, flash ADSP-BF539BBCZ-5A 316-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF539BBCZ-5F8 316-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF542 Peripherals: CAN, 4 HS USB OTG, 3 EPPIs, Pixel comp, ATAPI-6, Lockbox ADSP-BF542BBCZ-5A 400-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF542KBCZ-6A 400-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF542MBBCZ-5M 400-CSP_BGA 533 x 1-24 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF544 Peripherals: CAN, 4 Host DMA, 3 EPPIs, Pixel comp, Lockbox ADSP-BF544BBCZ-5A 400-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF544MBBCZ-5M 400-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF547 Peripherals: HS USB OTC, 3 EPPIs, Pixel comp, ATAPI-6, Lockbox ADSP-BF547BBCZ-5A 400-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF547KBCZ-6A 400-CSP_BGA 600 x ADSP-BF547MBBCZ-5M 400-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF548 Peripherals: HS USB OTG, 3 EPPIs, Pixel comp, ATAPI-6, Lockbox, CAN ADSP-BF548BBCZ-5A 400-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF548MBBCZ-5M 400-CSP_BGA 533 x Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-25 What are Blackfin Processors? Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF549 Peripherals: MXVR, CAN, HS USB OTG, ATAPI-6, 3 EPPIs, Pixel comp, Lockbox ADBF549WBBCZ-5xx 400-CSP_BGA 533 -40°C to +85°C x ADSP-BF561 Peripherals: 2 PPIs, UART, 12 timers, 2 SPORTs ADSP-BF561SBB500 297-PBGA 500 -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF561SBB600 297-PBGA 600 ADSP-BF561SBBCZ-5A 256-CSP_BGA 500 ADSP-BF561SBBZ500 297-PBGA 500 x ADSP-BF561SBBZ600 297-PBGA 600 x ADSP-BF561SKBCZ-5A 256-CSP_BGA 500 x ADSP-BF561SKBCZ-5V 256-CSP_BGA 533 x ADSP-BF561SKBZ500 297-PBGA 500 x ADSP-BF561SKBZ600 297-PBGA 600 x 1-26 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Table 1-1. Summary of Blackfin Processor Specifications (Cont’d) Blackfin Family Matrix Package Clock Speed MHZ Max 600 Temp Range Ambient RoHS Compliant Key Peripherals1 ADSP-BF561SKBCZ-6A 256-CSP_BGA 0°C to +70°C 0°C to +70°C x ADSP-BF561SKBCZ-6V 256-CSP_BGA 600 x 1 Lists peripherals common to all models in the Blackfin series. Additional peripherals are listed in the row for each individual model. Future Blackfin Processor Releases Increased performance and a feature-rich variety of new peripherals are the focus for future Blackfin releases. Blackfin Processor Features Blackfin processors represent a class of devices that combine an extremely capable single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) processor engine with powerful features such as a memory protection unit, watchdog timer, real-time clock, variable-length RISC instructions, UARTs, and SPI ports. These features are typically found only in microcontrollers and microprocessors. Because Blackfin processors possess all the power of a signal processor and are full featured, they can replace other classes of signal processors and 32-bit RISC MCUs or an ASIC in designs. At the core, Blackfin processors have a 16-bit, dual MAC (multiply/accumulate) architecture with 32-bit registers and 64-bit internal data paths. This core is surrounded by high-speed memory and high-speed peripherals Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-27 Blackfin Processor Features including 100 Mbps serial ports (SPORTs), a high-speed parallel peripheral interface (PPI) capable of moving digital video on and off chip (ITU-R/CCIR-656 compliant), UART with IrDA® support, SPI port, and an external memory interface for connection to SDRAM or DDR SDRAM, flash, SRAM, and so on. In addition to its advanced peripherals, Blackfin processors include a software-programmable, on-chip phase-lock loop (PLL) that allows software to control the core and system clock speeds. Many Blackfin processors also feature an on-chip switching regulator to provide software control of core voltage as well. Either of these features used individually, or both used in tandem, can result in significant power savings because the clock and/or the voltage can be constantly varied, depending on the task at hand. Because Blackfin processors can be used for both control/data processing and signal processing, the efficiency of data movement and storage has a high impact on performance. Efficient numerical precision is important, although efficiency of data movement is equally important. The measured width of a signal processing device is often based on the type of data it processes most efficiently. The width of a processor is typically measured by its data paths and register widths. Blackfin processors support 8-, 16-, and 32-bit arithmetic operations in hardware, but are optimized for (and have the most support for) 16-bit operations. Thus, Blackfin processors are considered to be 16/32-bit processors. Performance Processors can no longer be judged solely on core clock speed, MHz, MIPS, MACS, FLOPS, and so on. Newer Blackfin processors run at core clock frequencies starting at 300 MHz. Their internal memory is L1, which means that memory also runs at the core clock rate, providing large amounts of bandwidth between a processor’s core and its internal memory. The core supports two 16-bit multiply/accumulates per cycle sustained, providing 1.2 GMACs at 600 MHz. 1-28 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Although these numbers provide a rough idea of a device’s performance, they do not measure how an application runs on a device because they do not take into account memory efficiency or instruction set efficiency. Often, these peak specifications occur only momentarily (that is, they are not sustained), and the sustained values are much lower. This is where benchmark data can be useful. “Benchmarks Against Other Processors” on page 1-30 describes performance measurements reported by third parties. System developers can leverage the wide range of performance options available with Blackfin processors. Lower frequency, signal-core devices scale up to high-frequency, high-bandwidth, dual-core devices. ADSP-BF561 Blackfin processors provide additional options for power management. Because this symmetric processor contains two identical cores, traditional processing-intensive applications can be split equally to run on each of the two cores. In this model, code running on each core is identical; only the data being processed is different. In a channelstreaming application, the first core processes half of the channels and the other core processes the other channels. In video and imaging applications, this technique can be used to process alternate frames on each of the cores. Dual-core processing melds with the Blackfin processor’s additional power savings features. The energy consumed by a processor is based on static and dynamic components. Even when the application fits on a single-core processor, you can employ a dual-core processor to reduce overall energy consumption. Specifically, by running an application at half the frequency of a single-core system, the processor core voltages can also be dropped to values as low as 0.9 V. This is possible because of the Blackfin processor’s wide voltage operating range. Dual-core Blackfin processors contain large amounts of on-chip memory along with data paths and DMA controllers that have been sized specifically to handle a shared processing load. This combination allows an algorithm to be split easily without the loss of efficiency that can be felt on multicore solutions with different processors. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-29 Benchmarks Against Other Processors Benchmarks Against Other Processors When evaluating processors, it can be confusing to look at data sheets and compare the specifications. We recommend that you refer to accepted industry-standard benchmarks like Dhrystone, Whetstone, and nbench. Dhrystone, Whetstone, and nbench benchmarks run under i The the Linux platform. The benchmarks are presented in the following sections. Dhrystone The Dhrystone benchmark was designed to test performance factors important to non-numeric systems programming (operating systems, compilers, word processors, and so forth). The benchmark is notable in that: • It contains no floating-point operations. • A considerable percentage of time is spent in string functions making the test very dependent upon the way such operations are performed (for example, by in-line code, routines written in assembly language, and so on), making it susceptible to manufacturers “tweaking” of critical routines. • It contains hardly any tight loops so in the case of very small caches, the majority of instruction accesses are misses; however, the situation changes radically as soon as the cache reaches a critical size and can hold the main measurement loop. • Only a small amount of global data is manipulated (as opposed to Whetstone). 1-30 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction There are two versions of the Dhrystone benchmark. A deprecated version (Version 1.1) contained some “dead code” that could be removed by optimizing compilers. Version 2.1 corrected this and should be the version used in practice (and is the one that is in the µClinux distribution). Some manufacturers, however, still quote the (better) results of Version 1.1, so care must be taken when comparing Dhrystone performance figures to check which version was used. Recent Dhrystone test results can be found at: https://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=uclinux-dist:dhrystone Whetstone The Whetstone benchmark was first written to measure computer performance and was later designed to simulate floating-point numerical applications. The Whetstone benchmark is notable in that: • It contains a large percentage of floating-point data and instructions. • A high percentage of execution time (approximately 50%) is spent in mathematical library functions. • The majority of its variables are global and the test does not show up the advantages of architectures such as RISC where the large number of processor registers enhance the handling of local variables. • It contains a number of very tight loops; the use of even fairly small instruction caches will enhance performance considerably. • The original program was written in Fortran using single- or double-precision calculations. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-31 Benchmarks Against Other Processors Recent Whetstone test results can be found at: https://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=uclinux-dist:whetstone nbench nbench is a Linux/Unix port of release 2 of BYTE Magazine’s BYTEmark benchmark program (previously known as BYTE’s Native Mode Benchmarks). These are native mode (also known as algorithm level) tests. They are benchmarks designed to expose the capabilities of a system’s CPU, FPU, and memory system. This benchmark program takes less than ten minutes to run (on most machines) and compares the system it is run against to two benchmark systems (a Dell Pentium 90 with 256 KB cache running MSDOS, and an AMD K6/233 with 512 KB cache running Linux). The following listing shows the nbench Blackfin compilation results. Listing 1-1. nbench Blackfin Compilation Results root:~> nbench BYTEmark* Native Mode Benchmark ver. 2 (10/95) Index-split by Andrew D. Balsa (11/97) Linux/Unix* port by Uwe F. Mayer (12/96,11/97) TEST : Iterations/sec. : NUMERIC SORT STRING SORT BITFIELD FP EMULATION FOURIER : : : : : 116.12 3.8685 4.7085e+07 22.923 94.582 : Old Index : New Index : Pentium 90* : AMD K6/233* : : : : : 2.98 1.73 8.08 11.00 0.11 : : : : : 0.98 0.27 1.69 2.54 0.06 --------------------:------------------:-----------:------------ 1-32 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction ASSIGNMENT IDEA HUFFMAN NEURAL NET LU DECOMPOSITION INTEGER INDEX Baseline (MSDOS*) piler 10.0 : : : : : : 4.836 1.6106 355.45 146.31 0.10077 3.5476 : : : : : 6.13 5.44 4.06 0.16 0.18 : : : : : 1.59 1.61 1.30 0.07 0.13 ================ORIGINAL BYTEMARK RESULTS=================== FLOATING-POINT INDEX: 0.147 : Pentium* 90, 256 KB L2-cache, Watcom* com- ==========================LINUX DATA BELOW============= CPU L2 Cache OS C compiler libc MEMORY INDEX INTEGER INDEX Baseline (LINUX) libc-5.4.38 * Trademarks are property of their respective holder. : : : Linux 2.6.19.3-ADI-2007R1-pre-svn2773 : bfin-linux-uclibc-gcc : static : 0.895 : 1.509 : AMD K6/233*, 512 KB L2-cache, gcc 2.7.2.3, FLOATING-POINT INDEX: 0.082 EEMBC If the application demands the performance of a signal processing engine and a microcontroller, examine what the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC) says about Blackfin processors. These test results were obtained using a VisualDSP++ compiler. The following paragraphs are taken from the EEMBC Web site. EEMBC, the Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium, was formed in 1997 to develop meaningful performance benchmarks for the hardware and software used in embedded systems. Through the combined efforts of its members, Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-33 Benchmarks Against Other Processors EEMBC® benchmarks have become an industry standard for evaluating the capabilities of processors, compilers, and Java implementations according to objective, clearly defined, application-based criteria. Since releasing its first certified benchmark scores in April 2000, EEMBC scores have effectively replaced the obsolete Dhrystone mips, especially in situations where real engineering value is important. EEMBC benchmarks reflect real-world applications and the demands that embedded systems encounter in these environments. The result is a collection of “algorithms” and “applications” organized into benchmark suites targeting telecommunications, networking, digital media, Java, automotive/industrial, consumer, and office equipment products. An additional suite of algorithms specifically targets the capabilities of 8- and 16-bit microcontrollers. EEMBC’s certification rules represent another break with the past. For a processor’s scores to be published, the EEMBC Certification Laboratories (ECL) must execute benchmarks run by the manufacturer. ECL certification ensures that scores are repeatable, obtained fairly, and according to EEMBC’s rules. Scores for devices that have been tested and certified by ECL can be searched from our Benchmark Search page. To find out more about how Blackfin processors perform compared to the competition, go to the following EEMBC Web page: http://www.eembc.org Based on recent EEMBC data, Figure 1-3 shows results of various EEMBC benchmarks. 1-34 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction Benchmarks Processor Product Clock Frequency (MHz) Certified on Hardware? Blackfin BF533 594 yes ARM1136JF-S i.MX31 532 yes TM ARM926EJ-S i.MX21 266 yes TM EEMBC Networking 2.0* IPmark** TCPmark** EEMBC AutoBench 1.1* Automark** EEMBC ConsumerBench 1.1* Consumermark** EEMBC OABench 1.1* OAmark** EEMBC TeleBench 1.1* Telemark** EEMBC DENBench 1.0* MPEG Decodemark** MPEG Encodemark** Cryptomark** Imagemark** DENmark** Geometric Mean * Out-of-the-box category ** bigger is better 45 117 50.4 68.5 24.4 29.2ª 183.1 126.6 29.6 54.9 26.6 13.7 352 341 152 11.7 6.1 2.5 337 392 257 352 57.5 138.7 231 243 219 315 45.5 99.3 112 100 104 154 21.6 42.6 ªi.MX21 TCPmark contains an estimate for one subtest whose result is filed n/a at EEMBC. ( Estimate was ½ i.MX31 performance. ) Figure 1-3. EEMBC: Assorted Benchmark Results Analog Devices Benchmarks Analog Devices has assembled benchmarks to test Blackfin processors. The synergy of the Blackfin processor architecture and the VisualDSP++ complier yields high-density code. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-35 Benchmarks Against Other Processors Links to Comparative Benchmarks Access comparative data to see how Blackfin processors compare to other manufacturers’ parts. Open your browser and access the following Web page, which contains links to the EEMBC Web sites: http://www.analog.com/processors/blackfin/overview/benchmarks/index.html Blackfin Processor Compiler and Code Density Blackfin processors coupled with the powerful VisualDSP++ software development tools now make it possible to develop code in C/C++ more easily and efficiently than before. The high MIPS availability from the core processor allows for initial versions of software to be compiled and run on the processor much earlier in the design cycle, thus allowing for quicker overall system debug to shorten time to market. The goal is to alleviate software as a potential critical path element in system development. Figure 1-4 shows an example of the code development efficiency on Blackfin processors using an adaptive multi-rate (AMR) encoder. 1-36 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors Introduction COMPILER RESULTS IN FULLY FUNCTIONAL CODE FROM FIRST WEEK OF IMPLEMENTATION. PERSON MONTHS PERCENTAGE IN C PERCENTAGE OVERHEAD 0.25 100 366 3.00 75 36 5.00 65 20 12.00 0 0 100% IN C MIPS 80 70 60 50 75% IN C 40 65% IN C 30 20 10 0 1 DEVELOPMENT TIME IN MONTHS 12 100% IN ASSEMBLY AMR ENCODER CODE DEVELOPMENT EFFICIENCY Figure 1-4. The VisualDSP++ Compiler Yields High-Density Code Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 1-37 Benchmarks Against Other Processors 1-38 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2 THE EVALUATION PROCESS This chapter introduces software and hardware tools that are currently available. Topics include: • “Selecting Software Development Tools” on page 2-1 • “Selecting Hardware Development Tools” on page 2-23 • “Selecting the Right Combination of Tools” on page 2-84 Selecting Software Development Tools This section examines the process through which Blackfin processor applications are developed. Various tools are used at each stage, where typical application development occurs over multiple stages. The section provides a summary of the available software development tools for Blackfin processors. Most users acquire a set of software development tools first. The software development tools run on a PC and provide code generation and debug utilities such as a compiler, assembler, linker, simulator, debugger, and libraries. Currently, three sets of software development tools are available for the Blackfin processor architecture: • VisualDSP++ 5.0 from Analog Devices • Open source GCC tool chain and µClinux Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-1 Selecting Software Development Tools Each offers advantages for different types of applications. Other software development tools are available in languages such as Japanese and Chinese. Contact your local Analog Devices sales office or distributor for more information. Figure 2-1 shows the tool selection workflow. Decide to Evaluate Blackfin Purchase Evaluation Board (EZ-Board, EZ-KIT Lite, Phytec, STAMP, Tinyboard . . .) Install Tools (VisualDSP++ Testdrive, Nucleus, μvelOSity, ThreadX . . .) Validate Concept 1. Port Applications 2. Develop Applications & Drivers 3. Benchmark Design/Test/Debug System Create Target Hardware Make into Product (Purchase Appropriate Licenses) Ship Product Figure 2-1. Tool Selection Workflow 2-2 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process VisualDSP++ From Analog Devices VisualDSP++ is an easy-to-install and easy-to-use integrated software development and debugging environment (IDDE) that enables efficient management of projects from start to finish from within a single interface. Because project development and debugging is integrated, you can move quickly and easily between editing, building, and debugging activities. Key features include the native C/C++ compiler, advanced graphical plotting tools, statistical profiling, and the VisualDSP++ kernel (VDK), which allows a user’s code to be implemented in a more structured and easier-to-scale manner. Other features include assembler, linker, libraries, splitter, cycle-accurate and functional-accurate simulators, emulator support, and more. VisualDSP++ offers programmers a powerful yet easy-to-use programming tool with flexibility that significantly reduces the time to market. Platform and Processor Support VisualDSP++ supports Blackfin processors from Analog Devices. Windows® System 7 (as of VisualDSP++ 5.0 Update 8), Windows® Vista, Windows® XP, and Windows® 2000 hosts are supported. Develop High-Performance Applications Quickly At the heart of VisualDSP++ is a robust and powerful C/C++ compiler. The compiler consistently delivers industry-leading performance on standard benchmarks, ensuring that all but the most performance-demanding applications can be written entirely in the C language, accelerating development time while maintaining a portable code base. The compiler is backed by a rich library of signal processing routines, allowing easy access to hand-coded, optimized implementations of FFTs, FIRs, and so forth. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-3 Selecting Software Development Tools The ANSI-C compiler is also augmented with popular language extensions and enhancements to make it more amiable to existing code bases. Examples include GNU GCC extensions, ETSI fractional libraries, and multiple heap support. A compiler’s overriding mission is to produce correct code, so there are occasions when the compiler must take a conservative approach to a code sequence when a more aggressive approach could have been taken if certain constraints could be guaranteed by the programmer. The VisualDSP++ compiler supports a broad range of pragmas that allow the programmer to better exploit the compiler while maintaining C language neutrality. Just as important, the compiler has the ability to feed back advisory information to the programmer, offering further improvements to a code sequence, should the programmer be able to make certain guarantees about it. This information is displayed seamlessly in the VisualDSP++ main editor window. This removes the black box label that compilers sometimes have. Backing the compiler is powerful assembler and linker technology. Processors from Analog Devices are noted for their intuitive algebraic assembly language syntax, and the VisualDSP++ assembler extends that ease of use with the ability to import C header files, allowing for symbolic references into arbitrarily complex C data structures. Binary data can be included directly into assembly source files, creating an easy way to add blocks of static data (such as audio samples and bitmaps) to an application. The VisualDSP++ linker is fully multicore and multiprocessor (MP) aware, allowing for the creation of cross-linked, multi-executable applications in a single pass. Other powerful capabilities of the linker include dead code and data elimination, code and data overlays, section spilling (that is, automatic overflow from internal to external memory), and automatic short-to-long call expansion. 2-4 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Leverage-Proven Application Infrastructure VisualDSP++ goes beyond robust code generation tools, providing considerable application infrastructure and middleware out of the box to speed application development. The VisualDSP++ kernel (VDK) is a robust, royalty-free, real-time operating system (RTOS) kernel. It provides essential kernel features in a minimal footprint. Features include a fully pre-emptive scheduler (time slicing and cooperative scheduling are also supported), thread creation, semaphores, interrupt management, inter-thread messaging, events, and memory management (memory pools and multiple heaps). In MP environments, messaging is also provided. Configuration of these elements is done graphically, with code wizards to speed the creation of new threads and interrupt handlers. VDK has been available for multiple releases of VisualDSP++ and is now a key component of products shipping from several high-volume vendors. Blackfin processors can take advantage of the system services library, which provides consistent, easy C language access to Blackfin features such as the interrupt manager, direct memory access (DMA), and power management units. Clock frequency and voltage can be changed easily at run time through a set of simple APIs. Interrupt handling can be live, fired at the time of the event, or deferred to a later time of the application’s choosing. A device manager integrates device drivers for on- and off-chip peripherals. VisualDSP++ includes device driver support for all on-chip peripherals and off-chip devices found on Analog Devices EZ-KIT Lite and EZ-Extender products. The system services library is OS-neutral and can be run standalone or in conjunction with an RTOS. As embedded applications become increasingly part of the connected world, the ability to rapidly add reliable ethernet or USB connectivity to an application can often make or break a development schedule. For Blackfin processors, VisualDSP++ includes a tuned port of the open source LwIP TCP/IP stack. An example application showcasing an embedded Web server is among the highlights of this support. USB 2.0 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-5 Selecting Software Development Tools device connectivity is provided. Bulk and asynchronous transfer modes are supported out of the box. Host applications are provided with full source code. The VisualDSP++ state-of-the-art integrated development and debugging environment (IDDE) includes full-featured editing and project management tools. It uses incremental builds, multiple build configurations (“Debug” and “Release,” for example), a syntax-coloring editor, and many other code editing features. Makefiles can be imported and exported freely. Many application attributes can be configured graphically, enabling point-and-click access to SDRAM setup, stack and heap placement, power management, clock speed, cache setup, and more. Debug and Tune Your Application With Ease The ability to develop a high-performance application is often gated by the visibility into your running system that your debugger provides. VisualDSP++ excels in this regard, with best-in-class debugging and inspection support. Robust fundamental C language source debugging (source-level stepping and breakpoints, stack unwinding, local variable and C-expression support, memory and register windows) serves as a foundation upon which multiple innovative and unique tools rest. VisualDSP++ supports a variety of debug targets. Most common is a JTAG connection to an EZ-KIT Lite board or to a custom target board by means of Analog Devices emulator products. However, there will be occasions where closer inspection in a simulated environment may be required. VisualDSP++ provides cycle-accurate simulators, allowing inspection of every nuance of activity within the processor core, including visualization of the processor’s pipeline and cache. These simulators are robust and highly accurate, so much so that silicon designers at Analog Devices use them for validation. A second simulator is available to Blackfin processor users—a high-speed, functional simulator. Using proprietary just-in-time (JIT) technology, the simulators have the ability to model millions of 2-6 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process cycles per second on the most modest of host PCs. Effectively, this means that what used to be an overnight run is now a 10-minute coffee break, and what was once a coffee break is now a near-instantaneous simulation. As many of the most performance-demanding applications process a signal of some sort, comprehensive memory plotting is a cornerstone of VisualDSP++ debugger support. VisualDSP++ provides multiple views, from basic (line plots) to sophisticated (eye diagrams and waterfalls), to pinpoint anomalous data sequences in your application. Image viewing in a number of data formats is also available. Users of the VDK get unparalleled visibility into the internals of the kernel. Status on a per-thread basis is available, as is a comprehensive pictorial history of kernel events and CPU loading. Thread changes, posted and pended semaphores, and other kernel events are captured in this display. Inspection, or even application stimulation, from the debugger at run time is possible through the use of the processor’s background telemetry channels (BTCs). BTCs allow for an arbitrary number of communication channels to be established between the host debugger and the application. Channels may go in either direction, so BTCs can be used to read and write data as the processor runs. Scalar values or entire arrays may be serviced by a channel. Arrays read from the target can even be plotted in real time. Multiprocessor (MP) users get the same set of debugging features across all processors, unified into a single debugging interface. Individual windows can be made to float their focus to whichever processor currently is the debugger’s focus, or they can be pinned to a specific processor so their contents do not follow the debugger’s focus. To further aid MP debug, synchronous run, step, halt, and reset are also provided. The patented statistical profiler from Analog Devices offers unprecedented and unique visibility into a running application. Operating completely non-intrusively to the application, the application is polled thousands of Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-7 Selecting Software Development Tools times per second and a statistical view of where an application is spending the majority of its time is quickly assembled. This tool can be used to easily inspect an application for unexpected hotspots (for example, suggesting the need to move a key routine from external to internal memory). Simulator targets provide a completely linear profiling view. For Blackfin processors, traditional instrumented profiling is also available. Going even further, the VisualDSP++ compiler is able to act upon profiling information. Profile-guided optimization (PGO) is a technique that allows the compiler to instrument an application, run the application, and then make a second pass compilation, exploiting the information that was gathered during the previous run of the application. This gives the compiler unique insight on a block-by-block basis, allowing it to optimize with a level of granularity that is not possible with a tool that operates only on a file-by-file basis. Integrate Into Your Existing Environment A development tool suite is always a part of an organization’s larger software engineering environment. VisualDSP++ has been designed to operate in a larger environment. An embedded systems engineer is often developing on a new platform while maintaining existing products that were likely developed with an earlier version of the tools. VisualDSP++ can be installed discretely an arbitrary number of times at a variety of release levels, allowing engineering to easily switch between current and legacy versions of VisualDSP++. To better integrate to source code control (SCC) systems, VisualDSP++ is able to connect to any SCC provider that supports the Microsoft® common source code control (MCSCC) interface. This interface is supported by all leading SCC vendors. VisualDSP++ goes one step further by supporting the control of VisualDSP++ itself within a source code control system. 2-8 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process The ability to robustly test an embedded application is enabled through a comprehensive automation application programmers interface (API). Using Microsoft’s language-neutral automation technology, nearly every feature of the graphical environment is available to script authors. Applications can be rebuilt, downloaded, and run from a simple script executed from the command line or from within a custom test harness framework. The automation API is supported by C++ and VBScript examples for all API calls, though any automation-aware language can be used. For prototype runs and/or small volume deployment, an Analog Devices emulator can be used to flash a program onto your custom system. Accessible through the automation API, the flash programmer can be scripted, making it possible to develop a turnkey user interface for use by a production floor technician or other individual not familiar with VisualDSP++. Device drivers are provided for all flash devices found on EZ-KIT Lite products, and these drivers can be easily adjusted to support an arbitrary flash device. Get Help and Stay Up to Date Analog Devices is aware that best-in-class customer support is ultimately in the interest of both customers and Analog Devices in the long run. Analog Devices is committed to this customer support for VisualDSP++. VisualDSP++ includes a comprehensive, indexed, searchable online Help system. In addition to information concerning VisualDSP++, manuals for Analog Devices processors, application notes, and more are included in the Help system. The.pdf file versions of these documents are also available on the installation CD or online at: http://www.analog.com/technical_library Licensed users of VisualDSP++ are entitled to free technical support. The support staff is dedicated to VisualDSP++ and has specific expertise regarding it. There is never a per-incident or maintenance fee; support remains free regardless of how long you have owned your software. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-9 Selecting Software Development Tools Major and minor upgrades and updates to VisualDSP++ are also free and are released through the Analog Devices Web site. Use Third Parties Use the independent network of third-party developers. For more information, see “Find a Third Party—Faster Time To Market” on page 3-23. Install VisualDSP++ Use VisualDSP++ free for 90 days. Either download VisualDSP++, request a CD from the Analog Devices DSP Tools Web site at http://www.analog.com/processors/tools/testdrive, or contact your local Analog Devices sales representative/distributor. Analog Devices Tools CROSSCORE® (development tools from Analog Devices) provides easier and more robust methods for engineers to develop and optimize systems by shortening product development cycles for faster time to market. The CROSSCORE components include the VisualDSP++ software development environment, EZ-Board evaluation boards, EZ-KIT Lite evaluation systems, EZ-Extender daughterboards, and emulators for rapid on-chip debugging. For more information on development tools, visit the Analog Devices Web site at: http://www.analog.com/processors/tools Embedded Processors and DSPs Blackfin processors and integrated mixed-signal DSPs are ideal for an ever-increasing spectrum of applications. Advances in design from Analog Devices provide faster processing, more memory, lower power consumption, and simplified system integration. Analog Devices products and technology provide a competitive edge complete with expert technical support, comprehensive development tools, and third-party developers. 2-10 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Code Examples Specific code examples for many DSP algorithms optimized for Blackfin processors are currently available. The code examples are contained in.zip files available from the following Web page: http://www.analog.com/en/embedded-processing-dsp/blackfin/content/blackfin_code_examples/fca.html The examples are grouped into the following categories: multi-rate filters, Fourier and discrete cosine function sets, convolution encoder sets, speech- and audio-related algorithms, image processing function sets, image analysis, audio/video, and so on. To receive automatic notification by e-mail when any of these code examples are updated, register for MyAnalog.com and select Blackfin as the “product category” and Code Examples as the “publication type”. Device Drivers and System Services Powerful system services are available to applications through the system services library, which can be used to control the Blackfin processor’s dynamic power management capabilities as well as control external asynchronous and synchronous memories, and manage interrupt processing. Applications can utilize the services of the DMA and callback services to easily schedule peripheral and memory DMA transfers, and defer non-critical, event-driven processing to a lower priority. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-11 Selecting Software Development Tools Open Source Software for Blackfin Processor There is a large variety of Open Source software available for the Blackfin processor. This section describes some of the packages available. It contains the following subsections: • GNU Toolchain • Linux and GNU Toolchain Help: The Blackfin Koop • Eclipse IDE • µClinux Distribution • Analog Devices Processors Supported for µClinux • Board Support Packages • Daughter Cards • GNU Toolchain GNU Toolchain The components of the GNU toolchain consist of: • The GNU Binutils, which is a collection of binary tools, the main ones being as (the GNU assembler) and ld (the GNU linker). The mainline binutils project can be found on the GNU pages, where a comprehensive manual can also be found. • The GNU Compiler Collection (gcc), which includes front ends for C, C++, Fortran. The mainline gcc project can be found on the GNU pages, where a comprehensive manual can also be found. • The GNU Debugger (gdb), allows you to see what is occurring inside another program while it executes or what another program was doing when it crashed. The mainline project can be found on the GNU pages. 2-12 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process • The generation of µClinux’s flat format – elf2flt • Tools to support embedded file system generation for a variety of types. These include: • ext2 with genext2fs • cram with cramfs • Tools to support bare metal application development and booting, called ldr-utils. These tools take standard gcc elf files, and convert them into a format that the Blackfin bootloader can interpret. • Libraries, including libdsp, newlib, libgloss, and µClibc. • Toolchain components that support the Canadian Cross Compiler. This means you no longer need to have a Linux host. You can develop bare metal applications and Linux applications (not kernel) on a Microsoft Windows PC. • JTAG tools (both urjtag and gdbproxy) to program flash over JTAG, or debug a standalone application. • Integrated Development Environments (IDE). The Blackfin GNU Toolchain plugs into many IDEs and graphical debuggers. Linux and µClinux µClinux stands for microcontroller Linux. (µ is the Greek letter mu denoting micro and C for controller.) The name µClinux normally refers to the complete distribution, and is not the name of the kernel. Similar to RedHat, Debian, Gentoo, or Damn Small Linux, µClinux is the name of the collection of userspace applications, userspace libraries, the system libraries, and the Linux kernel. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-13 Selecting Software Development Tools For more information about the difference between Linux and µClinux, visit this URL: http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=uclinux-dist:difference_from_linux Linux and GNU Toolchain Help: The Blackfin Koop The Blackfin Koop is the central location for open source and free software and hardware projects targeted for use with certain members of the Analog Devices Blackfin processor family, and Analog Devices peripherals (and their associated Linux drivers). In addition to a wide range of applications, the Koop also focuses on supporting Open Source hardware and software tools, including the GNU GCC toolchain and the µClinux distribution. It is sponsored and supported by a small team from Analog Devices. The URL is: http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/ The Blackfin Koop provides support (including user assistance and defect correction) for the GNU Toolchain, Das U-Boot, the Linux Kernel, the µClinux Distribution and the schematics. These items can be found on this Web site: http://blackfin.uclinux.org/ If you have a question, or think you have found a defect, please use the Help or Bugs links found on the home page. Eclipse IDE Eclipse is an integrated development environment (IDE) that provides support for managing projects, editing and debugging source code, and using external build tools. Eclipse can be downloaded from The Eclipse Foundation at: http://eclipse.org/downloads 2-14 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process It is available for a variety of platforms including Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. Blackfin-specific plug ins can be found at: http://blackfin.uclinux.org/eclipse/ µClinux Distribution Blackfin processors target embedded applications such as networking and internet appliances, automotive telematics, and portable devices. Many developers want more than just the processor and a software tool chain. To speed time to market, processor selection often hinges on operating system (OS) availability and existing software support. µClinux is an open source OS that has been gaining significant attention and popularity over the past few years. There are several drivers for µClinux’s expanding user base—source code availability, royalty-free licenses, reliability, open source community support, tools availability, networking support, portability, and an extensive application base. To foster the sharing of this knowledge, the http://blackfin.uclinux.org/ Web site was launched in February, 2004. The site serves as a central repository for all µClinux Blackfin processor projects worldwide and hosts code examples, question and answer forums, and bug tracking. By creating an open source solution, embedded applications developers are able to leverage a wealth of knowledge and support from the open source community. Blackfin µClinux This section provides information about Blackfin support for µClinux. It also provides tables containing information about hardware and software support for µClinux projects. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-15 Selecting Software Development Tools Analog Devices Processors Supported for µClinux µClinux has been ported and supports the following Analog Devices processors: • ADSP-BF522/3/4/5/6/7 (revision 0.1 or higher) • ADSP-BF531/2/3 (revision 0.3 or higher) • ADSP-BF534/6/7 (revision 0.2 or higher) • ADSP-BF542/4/7/8/9 (revision 0.1 or higher) • ADSP-BF561 (revision 0.3 or higher) Latest Versions of Linux and Corresponding URLs These are the approximate versions of Linux to date. Check out their corresponding URLs for the precise version numbers. • Linux kernel: 2.6.x http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/project/uclinux-dist/frs • Tool chain: gcc 4.x http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/project/toolchain/frs • Das U-Boot: 1.x http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/project/u-boot/frs µClinux Footprint The default kernel is 500 Kbytes – 1 MB Recommended Flash Size A workable image will fit in 4 MB of flash memory (serial, NAND, or parallel NOR). 2-16 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Supported Debugging Tools The following debugging tools are supported: • GDB with simulation and JTAG support • KGDB (for kernel and driver development) • GDBSERVER (over ethernet or serial port) • ICEBear USB ICE (for use with GBD). Visit this URL: http://www.section5.ch/icebear • gnICE USB JTAG In-Circuit-Emulator. Visit this URL: http://www.bluetechnix.com/ Real-Time and General-Purpose Kernels ADEOS has been ported to the Blackfin processor. ADEOS is a hardware abstraction layer allowing a real-time kernel and a general-purpose kernel to coexist. ADEOS supports the kinds of dual-OS Linux environments that are achieved using RTLinux or RTAI, without making use of the technology that is the subject of the RTLinux patent. Linux Software Projects Table 2-1 describes Linux software projects that work with Blackfin processors. For an enhanced version of this table that includes URLs for each project, visit: http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=projects Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-17 Selecting Software Development Tools Table 2-1. Linux Software Projects Name Arbitrary Waveform Generator Asterisk PBX Description A simple arbitrary waveform generator – define a plot via a Web interface, generate data, and send it to a DAC. A complete PBX in software. µCasterisk is one part of a project to build a completely open telephony hardware platform. A multi-platform C++ GUI toolkit created and maintained by Trolltech. It is enabled on Blackfin/µClinux. An open source project aimed at bringing the features of modern graphical windowing environments to smaller devices and platforms. Nano-X allows applications to be built and tested on the Linux desktop, as well as cross-compiled for the target device. Two open source http text browsers are known to work on Blackfin/µClinux: links, and lynx. One is a graphic Web browser (Konqueror3) embedded. Included is documentation to download these applications, configure them for Blackfin/µClinux, and run them on the Blackfin processor. Use the console version of Linphone to make voice calls over the Internet. Mount a Windows Share over the network, and play compressed audio files, controlled via a Web browser. A simple networked oscilloscope – capture data with a ADC, plot it with gnuplot, and pass it as a Web page with boa or thttpd. A version of the open source Sphinx-II speech recognition system which runs on handheld and embedded devices. This snapshot is now running under real time on the Blackfin/µClinux. QT GUI Library Nano-X window system Browsers LinPhone Voice over IP Phone Net Audio Player Networked Scope PocketSphinx 2-18 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Table 2-1. Linux Software Projects (Cont’d) Name Adeos and Xenomai Description Adeos provides a flexible environment for sharing hardware resources among multiple operating systems, or among multiple instances of a single OS. Xenomai is a real-time development framework cooperating with the Linux kernel. It provides real-time support to user-space applications, seamlessly integrated into the GNU/Linux environment. Xenomai is based on Adeos. A clean room implementation of the Java virtual machine, plus the associated class libraries needed to provide a Java run-time environment. Ports of MAME, the multiple arcade machine emulator and MESS, the multi-emulator super system. An implementation of the Bluetooth™ wireless standards specifications for Linux. The code is licensed under the GNU general public license (free) and is now included in the Linux 2.4 and Linux 2.6 kernel series. FFmpeg is a very fast video and audio converter. It can also grab from a live audio/video source. On the Blackfin processor, we couple it with vlc (video LAN client) to make a free IP camera. kaffe xmame/xmess BlueZ FFmpeg & vlc Board Support Packages Existing ports for Blackfin processors can be downloaded at no cost from: http://blackfin.uclinux.org The open source GNU tool chain has been ported to Blackfin processors and can also be downloaded from the same site. The latest release can be downloaded from the SVN tree or from the files section of the “GNU tool chain” project. Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-19 Selecting Software Development Tools The community of open source developers for the Blackfin processor has been growing quickly. To find active development communities go to: http://blackfin.uclinux.org For more information, see “µClinux Distribution” on page 2-15. Daughter Cards Several daughter cards developed for the ADI development boards are currently available. These cards provide features such as audio and video codecs, interfaces to standard connectors, and data acquisition capabilities. As the project expands, new daughter cards will continue to become available so check here often: http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=buy_stuff Linux Hardware Projects Table 2-2 describes Linux hardware projects that work with the Blackfin processor. For an enhanced version of this table that includes URLs for each project, visit the URL below: http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=projects that this enhanced table is on the same page as the Linux softi Note ware projects table. 2-20 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process Table 2-2. Linux Hardware Projects Name CF / IDE / NAND Card Description Multifunction interface cards, which includes CompactFlash (attribute memory, common memory, TRUE IDE MODE, PC Card I/O); IDE for hard drive and CD-ROM; and NAND flash This implements an A/D converter with (AC or DC input) a 2 MHz anti-aliasing filter, connecting to the serial peripheral interface (SPI) connector on the STAMP board. The first audio card is an AD1836A – 6 analog channels of output, 4 analog channels of input, and SPDIF in/out. This audio card has an AD73311 that provides one 16-bit input and one 16-bit output. This implements a D/A converter connecting to the serial peripheral interface (SPI) connector on the STAMP board. This card features two different USB host/device/OTG controllers – ISP1362 and SL811HS for Blackfin STAMP and EZ-KIT Lites. These TWI (aka I2C) cards provide ease of connectivity to all kinds of low-speed peripherals such as LCD character displays (HD44780), keypad matrices, LEDs, and so on for Blackfin STAMP cards and ADSP-BF537 EZ-KIT Lites. An introduction on how to use SHARP TFT LCD in µClinux for Blackfin ADSP-BF537 STAMP boards. AD7476A Card AD1836A Card AD73311L Card AD5443 Card USB Card TWI cards TFT LCD Card Getting Started With Blackfin Processors 2-21 Selecting Software Development Tools Summary: Software Development Tools Table 2-3 compares available Blackfin processor development tools suites. Table 2-3. Summary of Software Development Tools Function VisualDSP++ MULTI GNU Compiler Collection All Blackfin processors (except BF535) Processors All Blackfin processors BF51x BF523/525/527 BF53x (except BF535) BF54x BF561 Proprietary Varied License Model Business Model Proprietary Perpetual License / Machine Free with license Proprietary Cycle Accurate Simulator Fast Functional Simulator VDK Zero Cost Open Source Support IDDE Simulator Annual Fee Proprietary or Eclipse Integrates ADI’s Cycle Accurate and Fast Functional Simulators Open Source Forum Eclipse Functional Simulator Vendor Supported Operating System µVelocity, Velocity, Integrity µClinux Examples Included With VisualDSP++ VisualDSP++ includes scores of examples built for Blackfin processors. Folders contain programs for signal processing, overlays, scripting, VDK, BTC, and more. Other folders provide example programs that run on EZ-KIT Lite evaluation systems. 2-22 Getting Started With Blackfin Processors The Evaluation Process The programs help you learn about processor core and peripherals, audio effects, signal processing, video and graphics, kernel and operating systems, and automation and scripting. Software Modules Analog Devices has a wide range of tested and optimized software modules, including decoders, encoders, codecs and other algorithms that provide multimedia functions for the Blackfin family. The software modules allow engineers to quickly and easily incorporate these functions, providing a faster development path to the end product. In addition, the highly-optimized software modules feature a consistent API and framework to ensure rapid development of multiple functions. For more information about software modules, visit: http://www.analog.com/en/embedded-processing-dsp/blackfin/content/blackfin_software_modules/fca.html Selecting Hardware Development Tools Users acquire a hardware tool to begin testing the application on a Blackfin processor. Development boards typically provide expansion headers, allowing you to prototype basic hardware without customized user hardware. E-MU Proteus 2000 Series Sysex Manual V2.2 - Download as PDF File (.pdf). E-MU Proteus 2000 Series Sysex for Proteus, XL-1, Mo Phat, V irtuoso, B3. Proteus 2000 Operations Manual © 1998 E-MU Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved FI634 Rev. E. Proteus contains 512 user presets and can hold literally thousands of. 6 user reviews on E-MU Proteus 2000. Want to write a user-review? Comment on a news item? Chat? Log in; Become a. The manual is clear and sufficient? E-mu Proteus 2000 (1998) The Proteus 2000 released in 1999 was a 1U rack sound module based on Audity 2000 released in 1998. 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